RRB-NTPC 2016 Questions
24 Mar 2016 • Shift 3
93 Questions AvailableTake as Test
Question 1
Arithmetic
Which of the following Acts was enacted by the British Parliament to regulate the administration of the British East India Company’s territories in India, particularly in Bengal?
A
Charter Act, 1813B
Government of India Act, 1858C
Regulating Act, 1773D
Pitt’s India Act, 1784Question 2
Arithmetic
Solve the system of equations below for X, Y and Z: X + 2Y + 4Z = 12 2X + 2Y + 3Z = 10 3X + 2Y + Z = 8
A
X = −2, Y = 7, Z = 0B
X = 0, Y = 2, Z = 2C
X = −2, Y = −1, Z = 4D
X = −2, Y = 1, Z = 3Question 3
Arithmetic
Refer to the following letter, symbol series and answer the question. Counting to be done from left to right only (Left) B R © # # # W & S @ Z @ @ A & L @ @ I © O © (Right) How many such letters are there each of which is immediately preceded by a letter and also immediately followed by a symbol?
A
2B
1C
0D
3Question 4
Arithmetic
Evaluate: (-9) - (-60) ÷ (-6) + (-2) × 9
A
-39B
-40C
-36D
-37Question 5
Arithmetic
If $3x + 2y = 10$ and $2xy = 3$, then find the positive value of $3x - 2y$.
A
8B
12C
10D
6Question 6
Arithmetic
100 men have provisions for 27 days. If 46 men have left, for how many days the same provisions would last for the remaining men?
A
50B
54C
52D
48Question 7
Arithmetic
Who was the chief guest at the inauguration of the 58th Inter-IIT Sports Meet at IIT Hyderabad?
A
Pullela GopichandB
Prof B S MurtyC
BVR Mohan ReddyD
Saina NehwalQuestion 8
Arithmetic
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2025, which pollutant was identified as the primary cause of increased respiratory illnesses due to air pollution?
A
Carbon monoxide (CO)B
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)C
Particulate matter (PM2.5)D
Ozone (O3)Question 9
Arithmetic
If A’s salary is 13% more than that of B, then by what per cent is B’s salary less than that of A? (Give your answer correct to two decimal places.)
A
14.72%B
14.22%C
11.50%D
10.50%Question 10
Arithmetic
The Trans-Siberian Railways major rail route of Russia runs from St. Petersburg in the west to _______ on the Pacific Coast in the east.
A
VladivostokB
NovosibirskC
IrkutaskD
MoscowQuestion 11
Arithmetic
In the following number-pairs, the second number is obtained by applying certain mathematical operations to the first number. Select the set in which the numbers are related in the same way as are the numbers of the following sets. (NOTE : Operations should be performed on the whole numbers, without breaking down the numbers into its constituent digits. E.g. 13 – Operations on 13 such as adding / subtracting /multiplying etc. to 13 can be performed. Breaking down 13 into 1 and 3 and then performing mathematical operations on 1 and 3 is not allowed) 17, 67 22, 87
A
24, 98B
25, 99C
24, 99D
25, 98Question 12
Arithmetic
Stand Up India Scheme was launched in which of the following years?
A
2014B
2019C
2015D
2016Question 13
Arithmetic
Which of the following is the primary objective to promote the "Ultra Mega Power Projects" (UMPP) initiative in India?
A
Small-scale solar plantsB
Wind farms in rural areasC
Rooftop solar systems in rural areasD
High-capacity coal-based power plantsQuestion 14
Arithmetic
₹6320 is divided among A, B, C, and D in such a way that the shares of A and B, B and C, and C and D are in the ratios of 2 : 3, 4 : 5, and 10 : 3 respectively. The share of A (in ₹) is:
A
1280B
1400C
1190D
1350Question 15
Arithmetic
Which of the following Articles of the Constitution of India authorises Parliament to alter the applicability of Fundamental Rights with respect to members of the Armed Forces and the forces entrusted with the maintenance of public order?
A
Article 35B
Article 42C
Article 45D
Article 33Question 16
Arithmetic
A man sold an article for ₹234 by first giving a d% discount on its marked price, and then another discount having the same nominal value (in ₹) as that of the first discount. If the marked price of the article is ₹1,800, then what is the value of d?
A
43.5B
47C
38.1D
41.9Question 17
Arithmetic
Sneha starts from Point Q, walks 5 km East, turns left and walks 7 km, turns right and walks 3 km, turns right and walks 7 km, then turns left and walks 2 km. How far and in which direction is she from Point Q? (All turns are 90-degree turns only unless specified.)
A
5 km towards SouthB
10 km towards EastC
2 km towards WestD
7 km towards NorthQuestion 18
Arithmetic
The HCF of two numbers is 104 and their LCM is 1040. If one of the numbers is 208, what is the sum of the two numbers?
A
732B
728C
736D
724Question 19
Arithmetic
Seven boxes, K, L, O, P, S, T and W are kept one over the other but not necessarily in the same order. Only three boxes are kept below T. Only one box is kept between O and T. Only two boxes are kept between T and W. Only W is kept above O. S is kept immediately below O. L is kept at one of the places above K and at one of the places below P. How many boxes are kept between T and L?
A
ThreeB
TwoC
FourD
OneQuestion 20
Arithmetic
WXPL is related to VZMP in a certain way based on the English alphabetical order. In the same way, ZUQH is related to YWNL. To which of the following is TRKF related, following the same logic?
A
RTFLB
STHJC
UPNBD
SUGKQuestion 21
Arithmetic
HEGK is related to DBEJ in a certain way based on the English alphabetical order. In the same way, ILNP is related to EILO. To which of the following is FMRT related, following the same logic?
A
AIOSB
DLRSC
CKQSD
BJPSQuestion 22
Arithmetic
Which among the following statements is INCORRECT related to the Right to Information Act, 2005?
A
The Central Information Commission is a constitutional body.B
It covers all constitutional authorities, including the President and the Supreme Court.C
All the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that are financed by the government come under the purview of RTI Act.D
The Act mandates that the information be provided within 30 days of the request in normal cases.Question 23
Arithmetic
If ‘A’ stands for ‘÷’, ‘B’ stands for ‘×’, ‘C’ stands for ‘+’ and ‘D’ stands for ‘−’, then what will come in place of the question mark (?) in the following equation? 25 A 5 B 7 C 9 D 2 = ?
A
41B
40C
43D
42Question 24
Arithmetic
What should come in place of ‘?’ in the given series? 81 80 76 67 51 ?
A
25B
26C
24D
27Question 25
Arithmetic
6 is related to 80 following a certain logic. Following the same logic, 12 is related to 140. To which of the following is 24 related, following the same logic? (NOTE: Operations should be performed on the whole numbers, without breaking down the numbers into their constituent digits. E.g. 13 – Operations on 13 such as adding/ subtracting /multiplying to 13 can be performed. Breaking down 13 into 1 and 3 and then performing mathematical operations on 1 and 3 is not allowed.)
A
280B
270C
260D
290Question 26
Arithmetic
ABCD is a rhombus such that $\angle ACB = 50^\circ$. The value of $\angle ADB$ is:
A
$60^\circ$B
$50^\circ$C
$70^\circ$D
$40^\circ$Question 27
Arithmetic
Which Article of the Indian Constitution mandates the provision of humane working conditions and maternity relief?
A
Article 48B
Article 41C
Article 42D
Article 44Question 28
Arithmetic
Based on the English alphabetical order, three of the following four are alike in a certain way and thus form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group? (Note: The odd man out is not based on the number of consonants/vowels or their position in the letter cluster)
A
JMPB
ILNC
QTWD
HKNQuestion 29
Arithmetic
In a certain code language, V @ I means ‘V is the husband of I', V + I means ‘V is the daughter of I', V x I means ‘V is the father of I', and V - I means ‘V is the mother of I'. Based on the above, how is K related to R, if ‘R + J @ K + C '?
A
BrotherB
SisterC
MotherD
SonQuestion 30
Arithmetic
Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusion(s) logically follow(s) from the statements. Statements: All pigs are jackals. All pigs are cats. All elephants are cats. Conclusions: (I) All elephants are jackals. (II) Some cats are jackals.
A
Only conclusion (I) follows.B
Neither conclusion (I) nor (II) follows.C
Both conclusions (I) and (II) follow.D
Only conclusion (II) follows.Question 31
Logical
A shopkeeper purchased 33 dozens of articles at the rate of ₹620 per dozen. He sold each one of them at the rate of ₹93. What percentage profit did he make?
A
79%B
80%C
83%D
82%Question 32
Logical
At what rate (in percentage) per year will a sum of money 5 times itself in 20 years on simple interest?
A
18B
22C
40D
20Question 33
Logical
Evaluate: (-9) - (-56) ÷ (-8) + (-4) × 6
A
-40B
-42C
-43D
-39Question 34
Logical
Refer to the following letter and symbol series and answer the question. Counting to be done from left to right only. (Left) O ? Q ! R + S – T $ U * V / A P < W = X : (Right) How many such letters are there, each of which is immediately preceded by another letter and also immediately followed by a symbol?
A
FOURB
ONEC
TWOD
THREEQuestion 35
Logical
Rupesh’s salary is ₹18000 per month. He spends ₹5000 on house rent, ₹2500 on bills and the rest of the amount is his monthly savings. Find his savings (in ₹) in a year, if in the month of his birthday, he spent his complete monthly saving for birthday celebration.
A
115500B
94500C
105000D
126000Question 36
Logical
If $4 : 12 :: 2.1 : x$ and $9 : 36 :: 8 : y$, what is the ratio of x to y?
A
63 : 320B
61 : 321C
67 : 330D
64 : 318Question 37
Logical
Which group at IIT Bombay developed the Quantum Diamond Microscope in November 2025?
A
NanoTech GroupB
P-Quest GroupC
Quantum Leap GroupD
Vikas Research GroupQuestion 38
Logical
Which of the following letter-number clusters will replace the question mark “?” in the given series to make it logically complete? TVA 7, QSX 10, NPU 13, KMR 16, ?
A
HJO 19B
HKQ 19C
IKP 21D
HIM 20Question 39
Logical
What is the primary purpose of the Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY)?
A
To provide free food to rural householdsB
To supply subsidised agricultural inputs to farmersC
To skill rural youth and promote wage employment opportunitiesD
To offer old-age pensions in villagesQuestion 40
Logical
Below are given two sets of numbers. In each set of numbers, a certain mathematical operation on the first number results in the second number. Similarly, a certain mathematical operation on the second number results in the third number, and so on. Which of the given options follows the same set of operations as in the question? (NOTE: A two-/three-digit number cannot be broken into individual digits for operations, e.g. if 37 is followed by 10, the operation cannot be 3 + 7, as a two-digit number cannot be broken into individual digits.) 8 – 16 – 26 – 13 ; 5 – 10 – 20 – 10
A
12 – 24 – 34 – 17B
34 – 68 – 78 – 156C
36 – 72 – 144 – 72D
24 – 48 – 68 – 34Question 41
Logical
The Land Boundary Agreement with Bangladesh was constitutionalized through which Constitutional Amendment?
A
One Hundred and First AmendmentB
Ninety-Eighth AmendmentC
Ninety-Seventh AmendmentD
One Hundredth AmendmentQuestion 42
Logical
Calculate the median (rounded to two decimal places) from the following data: Marks 0 -10 10 - 30 30 - 60 60 - 80 80 - 90 Number of students 9 19 34 12 6 Total frequency N = 80
A
40.59B
37.06C
33.14D
36.27Question 43
Logical
In a certain code language, ‘MEAT’ is coded as ‘5267’ and ‘TIME’ is coded as ‘5362’. What is the code for ‘I’ in the given code language?
A
6B
5C
2D
3Question 44
Logical
Which feature primarily differentiates spreadsheet software from word processing software?
A
Ability to format textB
Calculation using formulasC
Ability to change font and sizeD
Creating slidesQuestion 45
Logical
A man can row 8 km/hr in still water while speed of current is 3 km/hr. How much time (in hours) will he take to row 11 km downstream and 15 km upstream?
A
4B
6C
3D
5Question 46
Logical
Which of the following components of Windows provides quick access to frequently used applications and system settings?
A
TaskbarB
Disk CleanupC
Recycle BinD
Desktop WallpaperQuestion 47
Logical
What should come in place of ‘?’ in the given series? 21 22 26 35 51 ?
A
78B
74C
76D
79Question 48
Logical
Which of the following parts of the Indian Constitution deals with the Official Languages of the Indian Union?
A
Part XXB
Part XVC
Part XVIID
Part XVIQuestion 49
Logical
Under the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY), what is the premium rate paid by farmers for annual commercial and horticultural crops?
A
5% of the sum insuredB
2% of the sum insuredC
7% of the sum insuredD
3% of the sum insuredQuestion 50
Logical
What is the primary purpose of the Sustainable Development Goals – National Indicator Framework Progress Report, 2025?
A
To monitor national-level progress of the 17 SDGsB
To conduct environmental fieldworkC
To allocate national funds for SDG projectsD
To compare Indian SDGs with other countriesQuestion 51
Logical
The Satluj, Beas, Ravi, Chenab and Jhelum merge into which river system near Mithankot?
A
BrahmaputraB
IndusC
GodavariD
GangaQuestion 52
Logical
Which of the following letter-number clusters will replace the question mark “?” in the given series to make it logically complete? LEV 16, IBS 20, FYP 24, CVM 28, ?
A
ZTL 32B
ZSJ 32C
ZRH 35D
ATK 33Question 53
Logical
What was the theme of the 16th session of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD16) held in Geneva in October 2025?
A
Advancing technology and innovation for sustainable economiesB
Climate Action for a Sustainable FutureC
Promoting global trade and financial stabilityD
Shaping the future: Driving economic transformation for equitable, inclusive and sustainable developmentQuestion 54
Logical
Whom among the following deities is the traditional dance of Karnataka Dollu Kunitha associated with?
A
Lord VishnuB
Lord BrahmaC
Lord GaneshaD
Lord ShivaQuestion 55
Logical
Seven people, B, C, O, P, Q, R and S, are sitting in a straight line, facing north. Only four people sit to the right of S. B sits immediately to the left of P. Only three people sit between P and C, none of whom sit on the extreme ends. R sits immediately to the right of Q. How many people sit between O and R?
A
ZeroB
TwoC
OneD
ThreeQuestion 56
GK
In 2025, which country secured the third rank in the Asia Power Index, after the United States and China?
A
AustraliaB
South KoreaC
JapanD
IndiaQuestion 57
GK
Seven people B, C, O, P, Q, R and S are sitting around a circular table facing the center of the table. S sits to the immediate right of Q. C sits to the immediate right of R. C sits second to the left of B. O sits third to the left of S. Who sits fourth to the right of P?
A
RB
OC
BD
QQuestion 58
GK
Which type of receptors in the human body are responsible for detecting taste?
A
Gustatory receptorsB
Thermo receptorsC
Olfactory receptorsD
Auditory receptorsQuestion 59
GK
Which leader famously declared 'Swaraj is my birth right and I shall have it' during the Extremist Phase of the Indian National Movement?
A
Lala Lajpat RaiB
Bipin Chandra PalC
Aurobindo GhoseD
Bal Gangadhar TilakQuestion 60
GK
The average marks of 17 students in a class is 40. If the marks of each student are doubled, find the new average.
A
80B
17C
40D
34Question 61
GK
A typist takes 40 minutes to type 2 pages. How long (in minutes) will he take to type 95 pages?
A
1905B
1890C
1910D
1900Question 62
GK
If the ratio of the ages of A and B is 3 : 5, the ratio of the ages of B and C is 2 : 3, and the ratio of the ages of C and D is 3 : 4, what is the ratio of the ages of A and D?
A
5 : 11B
3 : 13C
7 : 10D
3 : 10Question 63
GK
The statement "Most of the major Peninsular rivers flow from west to east" is an EXCEPTION for:
A
Godavari and KrishnaB
Kaveri and KrishnaC
Mahanadi and KaveriD
Narmada and TapiQuestion 64
GK
Polaroid glass is used in photographic cameras because:
A
it improves the resolution of cameraB
it improves image processingC
it helps in auto focus of the lensD
it reduces the light intensity to half on account of polarisationQuestion 65
GK
Which action connected with the new rifle system offended the religious beliefs of Indian sepoys and became a major cause of discontent in 1857?
A
Forcing sepoys to bite cartridges greased with animal fatB
Imposing a ban on temple entryC
Prohibiting religious processions in army cantonmentsD
Mandating Sunday church attendance for all soldiersQuestion 66
GK
Which Schedule of the Indian Constitution deals with the allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha to States and Union Territories?
A
Sixth ScheduleB
Second ScheduleC
First ScheduleD
Fourth ScheduleQuestion 67
GK
Find the mode of the following distribution. Class interval 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 Frequency 30 48 72 36 24 18
A
24.25B
22C
22.5D
25Question 68
GK
There are 45 members in group A, 31 members in group B and 48 members in group C. All the members of these groups went to a restaurant. The average amounts spent on each member of groups A, B and C are ₹295, ₹311 and ₹233, respectively. The overall average amount (in ₹) spent per member is:
A
276B
273C
275D
272Question 69
GK
Two parallel lines AB || CD are cut by a transversal line PQ, as shown in the figure. If the angle $\angle PMB=55^\circ$ then find the angle $\angle CNM$.
A
$75^\circ$B
$125^\circ$C
$60^\circ$D
$55^\circ$Question 70
GK
In this question, a question is followed by two statements numbered (I) and (II). You have to decide whether the data provided in the statements are sufficient to answer the question. Read both the statements and decide the appropriate answer. Q. Five people – Riya, Meena, Tanu, Sunita, and Kavita – are sitting in a row facing north. Who is sitting exactly in the middle of the row? (I) Tanu sits immediately to the right of Meena, and Sunita sits immediately to the right of Tanu. (II) Riya is at one of the ends, and Kavita sits immediately to the left of Riya.
A
Both statements I and II together are NOT sufficient to answer the questionB
Data in Statement I alone is sufficient to answer the question while data in Statement II is notC
Data in Statement II alone is sufficient to answer the question while data in Statement I is notD
Both statements I and II together (and not statement I alone or statement II alone) are sufficient to answer the questionQuestion 71
GK
Which of the following dynasties is associated with the Thousand Pillars Temple at Warangal built in the 12th century?
A
Kakatiya dynastyB
Rashtrakuta dynastyC
Chalukya dynastyD
Hoysala dynastyQuestion 72
GK
SGYU is related to UJAX in a certain way based on the English alphabetical order. In the same way, ASGG is related to CVIJ. To which of the following options is GBMP related, following the same logic?
A
SOMKB
IEOSC
SOMID
EIKOQuestion 73
GK
Ashish has ₹1404 with him. He divides this amount between his two sons, Arun and Mahesh, and asks them to invest their respective shares at a compound interest rate of 8% per annum, compounded annually. It is observed that Arun’s investment amounts to the same value after 17 years as Mahesh’s investment does after 18 years. How much (in ₹) did Ashish give to Mahesh?
A
675B
525C
729D
829Question 74
GK
Match the Administrative Terms with Their Descriptions Terms /Rulers Descriptions A. Circle of Justice 1. Concept explaining the interdependence of rulers, soldiers, and peasants B. Iqta 2. Land granted to governors for revenue collection and military maintenance C. Razia Sultan 3. Daughter of Iltutmish; faced opposition due to gender D. Minhaj-us-Siraj 4. Chronicler critical of female rulers
A
A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3B
A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2C
A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3D
A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4Question 75
GK
As per the 2025 Global Gender Gap Index, what rank did India secure among 148 countries?
A
138B
136C
132D
131Question 76
GK
Which of the following languages is NOT included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution?
A
SanskritB
UrduC
NepaliD
EnglishQuestion 77
GK
Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which conclusion/s logically follow/s from the given statements. Statements: All carrots are peas. All peas are onions. No pea is a tomato. Conclusions: (I) No onion is a tomato. (II) No carrot is a tomato.
A
Only conclusion II follows.B
Neither conclusion I nor II follows.C
Only conclusion I follows.D
Both conclusions I and II follow.Question 78
GK
In the field of e-commerce and financial trading, which application of computers is essential for analyzing massive volumes of rapidly changing market data and detecting complex patterns to inform investment decisions?
A
Inventory Management SystemsB
Data Encryption and Security SoftwareC
Real-time Predictive AnalyticsD
Word Processing and Desktop PublishingQuestion 79
GK
A, B, C, D, E and F live on six different floors of the same building. The lowermost floor in the building is numbered 1, the floor above it is numbered 2 and so on till the topmost floor, which is numbered 6. Only two people live below C. Only two people live between B and C. A lives above E but below C. F does not live above D. Who lives immediately below B?
A
DB
FC
CD
AQuestion 80
GK
Which of the following programs aims at self-employment for the rural poor?
A
National Rural Health MissionB
Pradhan Mantri Awas YojanaC
Deendayal Antyodaya YojanaD
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee ActQuestion 81
GK
In a certain code language, A + B means ‘A is the mother of B’ A – B means ‘A is the brother of B’ A × B means ‘A is the wife of B’ A % B means ‘A is the father of B’ A # B means ‘A is the daughter of B’ Based on the above, how is G related to Q if ‘G – C + D # L % Q’?
A
Mother’s brotherB
Sister’s daughterC
Sister’s husbandD
Wife’s brotherQuestion 82
GK
In a certain code language, ‘NEAR’ is coded as ‘3519’ and ‘GROW’ is coded as ‘8645’. What is the code for ‘R’ in that language?
A
5B
9C
8D
6Question 83
GK
In which of the following states did the Chhau dance originate?
A
HaryanaB
JharkhandC
PunjabD
UttarakhandQuestion 84
GK
If 1 is added to each odd digit and 2 is subtracted from each even digit in the number 4528173, how many digits will appear more than once in the new number thus formed?
A
NoneB
OneC
TwoD
ThreeQuestion 85
GK
LAN is often used in schools and offices. This abbreviation expands to:
A
Large Area NetworkB
Local Area NetworkC
Linked Access NodeD
Long Access NetworkQuestion 86
GK
Which institution formed by Pandit Birju Maharaj focuses on imparting training in the field of Kathak and related disciplines?
A
Natya VrikshaB
KalashramC
Satrang KalaD
Kala KendraQuestion 87
GK
Piyush bought an article for ₹331 and sold it to Payal at a loss of 5%. With this amount, Piyush bought another article and sold it at a gain of 60%. What is Piyush's overall gain percentage?
A
50%B
52%C
47%D
48%Question 88
GK
The primary "food" or energy source produced by the plant during photosynthesis is a type of:
A
CarbohydrateB
MineralC
VitaminD
ProteinQuestion 89
GK
As per the World Economic Outlook January 2016, by the International Monetary Fund, global economic expansion in 2027, is expected to be which of the following rates?
A
3.5 percentB
2.9 percentC
4.0 percentD
3.2 percentQuestion 90
GK
Which of the following types of weathering is primarily responsible for the formation of karst landscapes?
A
Mechanical weatheringB
Biological weatheringC
Chemical weatheringD
Thermal weatheringQuestion 91
GK
Refer to the following letter, number, symbol series and answer the question. (All numbers are single-digit numbers only) (Counting to be done from left to right only) (Left) Z Q Y 7 * 9 E D V Z R X 4 * N G T B 3 X A T 4 H (Right) How many such symbols are there, each of which is immediately preceded by a number and also immediately followed by a letter?
A
TwoB
NoneC
ThreeD
OneQuestion 92
GK
C, D, N, O, P and Q live on six different floors of the same building. The lowermost floor in the building is numbered 1, the floor above it is numbered 2 and so on, till the topmost floor, which is numbered 6. O lives immediately above D. Only Q lives above P. Only two people live between C and N. C lives on an odd-numbered floor. Who lives on the bottommost floor?
A
PB
DC
CD
NQuestion 93
GK
Based on the English alphabetical order, three of the following four letter cluster pairs are alike in a certain way and thus form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group? (Note: The odd man out is not based on the number of consonants/vowels or their position in the letter cluster)
A
AD-BEB
EH-FIC
LO-PSD
RU-SV