SSC-CGL 2025 Questions

19 Sep 2025 • Shift 1

100 Questions AvailableTake as Test

Question 1

Logical Reasoning

If '+' means '×', '−' means '÷', '×' means '+', and '÷' means '−', then find: 18 + 6 × 16 − 4 ÷ 2 = ?

108

110

112

114

Question 2

Logical Reasoning

A is the mother of B. B is the sister of C. C is the father of D. How is A related to C?

Aunt

Mother

Grandmother

Sister

Question 3

Logical Reasoning

Find the odd one out.

Newton

Einstein

Galileo

Shakespeare

Question 4

Logical Reasoning

Statement: A growing number of students are enrolling in online certification courses. Conclusions: I. Students want flexible learning options. II. Traditional colleges are shutting down.

Only I follows

Only II follows

Both follow

Neither follows

Question 5

Logical Reasoning

Statement: A ≥ B < C ≤ D = E > F Conclusion: I. C > B II. F < D

Only Conclusion I is true

Only Conclusion II is true

Both are true

Both are false

Question 6

Logical Reasoning

P is the only son of Q. Q is the only daughter of R. How is P related to R?

Son

Grandson

Nephew

Cousin

Question 7

Logical Reasoning

What comes next? BZ, CY , DX, ?

Question 8

Logical Reasoning

If 6 men can complete a work in 10 days, how many men are needed to complete it in 5 days?

Question 9

Logical Reasoning

The series below contains a sequence of numbers. Identify the incorrect number . 5, 20, 80, 310, 1280

310

1280

Question 10

Logical Reasoning

Select the letter-cluster from among the given options that can replace the question mark (?) in the following series. DGK, ILP , NQU, ?

RVW

RWX

TXY

SVZ

Question 11

Logical Reasoning

A and B invest in a business in the ratio 3:4. If the total profit is ₹14,000, what is B’s share?

₹6,000

₹7,000

₹8,000

₹9,000

Question 12

Logical Reasoning

Statements: I. The company introduced a work-from-home policy. II. Employee productivity increased.

I is the cause and II is the effect

II is the cause and I is the effect

Both are effects of the same cause

No relation

Question 13

Logical Reasoning

Statement: Many people prefer electric vehicles over petrol vehicles. Conclusions: I. Electric vehicles are eco-friendly. II. Petrol vehicles are banned.

Only I follows

Only II follows

Both follow

Neither follows

Question 14

Logical Reasoning

If 7 # 1 = 36 and 6 # 1 = 25, then 5 # 1 = ?

Question 15

Logical Reasoning

Find out the WRONG number in the given series. 420, 400, 380, 370, 340

400

380

370

340

Question 16

Logical Reasoning

If "MOON" is coded as "QSSR", how is "STAR" coded?

WXEV

WUET

VXEQ

WXFV

Question 17

Logical Reasoning

In the following question, find the alternative that will replace the question mark. STOP : TOPS :: DRAW : ?

WARD

RADW

ADRW

RAWD

Question 18

Logical Reasoning

If COLD is coded as DPME, how is WARM coded?

XBSN

XBSL

VZQL

XCRM

Question 19

Logical Reasoning

Choose the address that is the same as the one given below. B-22, Shanti Vihar, Ring Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh - 462001

B-22, Shanti Vihar, Ring Road, Bhopal, Rajasthan - 462001

B-22, Shanti Vihar, Ring Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh - 462001

B-22, Shanti Vihar, Ring Rd, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh - 462010

B-23, Shanti Vihar, Ring Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh - 462001

Question 20

Logical Reasoning

Statement: Employees are advised to switch off computers after office hours. Conclusions: I. This reduces electricity consumption. II. Computers are unsafe to use.

Only I follows

Only II follows

Both follow

Neither follows

Question 21

Logical Reasoning

What comes next? 1, 9, 25, 49, 81, ?

121

144

100

169

Question 22

Logical Reasoning

If '+' means '÷', '-' means '+', '×' means '-', and '÷' means '×', then find: 16 + 8 × 4 - 2 ÷ 2 = ?

Question 23

Logical Reasoning

If "+" means "×", "-" means "+", "×" means "÷", and "÷" means "-", then find: 18 + 6 × 3 - 4 ÷ 2 = ?

Question 24

Logical Reasoning

Choose the address that is the same as the one given below. Sample Address: 14, Blue Lotus Tower, M.G. Road, Pune, Maharashtra - 411001

14, Blue Lotus Tower, M.G. Road, Pune, Maharashtra - 411001

14 Blue Lotus Tower, MG Road, Pune, Maharashtra - 411001

14, Blue Lotus Tower, M.G Road, Pune, Maharashtra - 411010

14, Blue Lotus Towers, M.G. Road, Pune, Maharashtra - 411001

Question 25

Logical Reasoning

Find the next number in the series. 3, 7, 15, 31, 63, ?

125

127

131

Question 26

Mixed economy implies:

State ownership only

Private ownership only

Coexistence of public and private sectors

Foreign investment only

Question 27

As per international standards, the weight of a table tennis ball is:

2.7 g

3.0 g

3.5 g

4.0 g

Question 28

Standard athletics tracks mark each lane with lines of:

2 cm

5 cm

10 cm

15 cm

Question 29

Which of the following best describes the constitutional status of the Finance Commission of India ?

It functions as a permanent body with continuous existence.

It is constituted periodically by the President to make recommendations on fiscal distribution.

It has the power to levy and collect taxes on behalf of states.

It is a statutory body created by an Act of Parliament.

Question 30

About enzymes: 1. They lower activation energy. 2. They are substrate specific. 3. They are unaffected by temperature.

1 and 2

2 and 3

1 and 3

1, 2, and 3

Question 31

Consider the following statements: 1. Article 136 empowers the Supreme Court to grant Special Leave to Appeal from any court or tribunal in India. 2. Article 136 applies automatically to all military court (court-martial) decisions without exception. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Only 1

Only 2

Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2

Question 32

Assertion (A): India has increased coastal radar cooperation with neighbors. Reason (R): Maritime domain awareness is vital for regional security.

Both A and R true, R explains A

Both true but R not explanation

A true R false

A false R true

Question 33

Taxes on professions are limited by Article:

276

265

280

246

Question 34

Arrange the following monuments in chronological order (earliest to latest):

Qutub Minar -> Humayun’s Tomb -> Taj Mahal

Humayun’s Tomb -> Qutub Minar -> Taj Mahal

Taj Mahal -> Humayun’s Tomb -> Qutub Minar

Qutub Minar -> Taj Mahal -> Humayun’s Tomb

Question 35

Which pair is correctly matched?

Lord Dalhousie – Doctrine of Lapse

Lord Curzon – Vernacular Press Act

Lord Ripon – Subsidiary Alliance

Lord Hastings – Permanent Settlement

Question 36

The composition “Vaishnava Jana To” is commonly rendered in which tala?

Dadra

Teentaal

Ektaal

Jhaptaal

Question 37

The Nehru Trophy Boat Race held in Kerala is mainly associated with which activity?

Elephant processions

Snake boat racing

Temple rituals

Folk theatre

Question 38

Read the following statements carefully and choose the correct option regarding Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Assertion (A): Disinvestment in India has often sparked public and political debate. Reason (R): Disinvestment involves dilution of government ownership in public sector enterprises.

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

A is true but R is false.

A is false but R is true.

Question 39

Entry of MNCs is linked with:

Liberalisation

Nationalisation

Swadeshi

Protectionism

Question 40

Identify the correctly matched Gupta-era term and meaning:

Uparikara – Additional tax

Vishti – Land grant

Bhoga – Judicial penalty

Kara – Religious donation

Question 41

Which Western Chalukya ruler is known for defeating the Chola king Rajadhiraja I in the Battle of Koppam (1054 CE)?

Pulakeshin II

Vikramaditya VI

Someshvara I

Tailapa II

Question 42

At the 87th Senior National Badminton Championships 2025 , held in Vijayawada, who won the men’s and women’s singles titles , respectively?

Kiran George and Tanvi Sharma

Rithvik Sanjeevi and Surya Charishma Tamiri

Rithvik Sanjeevi and Tanvi Patri

Kiran George and Surya Charishma Tamiri

Question 43

‘ The Ministry of Utmost Happiness was written by which author who is also a recipient of the Sahitya Akademi Award?

Kiran Desai

Arundhati Roy

Jhumpa Lahiri

Anita Desai

Question 44

The traditional dance Gaur Maria , featuring headgear with bison horns and vigorous movements, is associated with which tribe and state?

Santhal — Jharkhand

Gaur (Maria) — Chhattisgarh

Bhil — Rajasthan

Toda — Tamil Nadu

Question 45

Green Credit Programme rewards:

Polluters

Voluntary eco-friendly actions

Industrial taxes

Mining firms

Question 46

Regarding the 75th All India Inter Services Basketball Championship 2025 : 1. It was hosted by the Western Command at the DSOI Stadium, Pune. 2. The Indian Air Force team defeated the Indian Army team to clinch the title.

Only 1 is correct

Only 2 is correct

Both 1 and 2 are correct

Neither 1 nor 2 is correct

Question 47

Core inflation declines when:

Commodity prices fall

Wages rise

Taxes increase

Currency weakens

Question 48

Energy transition investment depends greatly on:

Fossil fuel imports

Policy stability

High tariffs

Coal reserves

Question 49

The traditional Dumhal dance of Jammu & Kashmir is especially known for which distinctive feature?

Dancers carrying tall conical headgear

Performers balancing earthen pots

Use of large percussion drums only

Solo devotional singing

Question 50

Incorrect match:

Troposphere – weather

Stratosphere – ozone

Mesosphere – satellites

Thermosphere – auroras

Question 51

Arithmetic

183 + 143 - 323 + 24192 is equal to:

-24192

48384

Question 52

Arithmetic

If sin⁡ 𝛼 = 4 5 and 𝛼 ∈ (0, 𝜋/2), then find 1−cot⁡ 𝛼 1+cot⁡ 𝛼= ?

3/7

1/4

-1/7

1/7

Question 53

Arithmetic

tan⁡ 𝜃 + cot⁡ 𝜃 = 2 and 𝜃 ∈ (0, 𝜋/2),that what is sec⁡ 𝜃 + cosec⁡ 𝜃 = ?

2√2

√2

4√2

Question 54

Arithmetic

A tree is 30 meters tall. What is the length of the shadow cast by the tree when the sun’s elevation is 30°?

10 m

15√3𝑚

30√3𝑚

30 m

Question 55

Arithmetic

A refrigerator is priced at ₹45,000. A customer gets a discount of ₹5,000 on it. After the discount, the customer buys a voltage stabilizer for ₹2,000 at a 15% discount. What is the total amount the customer spends on both items?

₹42,000

₹41,500

₹42,700

₹41,700

Question 56

Arithmetic

Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 10 and 15 minutes respectively. After both are opened together for 3 minutes, the rate of pipe A becomes one -third, and pipe B becomes 2.5 times its original. In how many more minutes will the tank be full?

2 min 15 sec

3 min 10 sec

2 min 30 sec

1 min 45 sec

Question 57

Arithmetic

In △ ABC, AD is the perpendicular bisector of BC. Are the triangles ABD and ACD congruent? If so, by what rule?

Yes, by SSS

Yes, by ASA

Yes, by SAS

No, they are not congruent

Question 58

Arithmetic

A conical vessel is cut at one-fourth its height from the top, parallel to its base. What is the ratio of the volume of the top part to the bottom frustum part?

1:15

1:63

1:64

1:27

Question 59

Arithmetic

Simplify the expression: √14 + 6√5

2 + √5

5 + √3

3 + √5

4 + √2

Question 60

Arithmetic

Sneha lent ₹24,000 to Vikas on 4 April 2024 at a simple interest rate of 5% per annum. Vikas plans to pay back the entire amount on 16 June 2024. What is the total amount Vikas needs to return?

₹24,120

₹24,180

₹24,240

₹24,300

Question 61

Arithmetic

What is the result of (0.73 + 0.23 − 0.93) ÷ (3 × 0.7 × 0.2 × (−0.9)) = ?

-1

Question 62

Arithmetic

If P, Q, and R are three amounts of money such that Q is the simple interest on P, and R is the simple interest on Q, all for the same time and at the same rate of interest, then which of the following is true?

𝑄2 = 𝑃𝑅

𝑃2 = 𝑄𝑅

𝑅2 = 𝑃𝑄

P + Q = R

Question 63

Arithmetic

The graph of the equation 2x + 5y = 10 passes through which point?

(5, 0)

(0, 2)

(-5, 4)

All of the above

Question 64

Arithmetic

A circle is inscribed in a right triangle with legs of length 10 and 24. What is the radius of the circle?

Question 65

Arithmetic

What is the value of sin⁡ 75∘cos⁡ 15∘ + cos⁡ 75∘sin⁡ 15∘ = ?

1/2

√3/2

Question 66

Arithmetic

The sides of a rectangular prism are in the ratio 1:2:3. If the volume of the prism is 384 cm³, what is the length of its longest side?

8 cm

16 cm

12 cm

24 cm

Question 67

Arithmetic

If 𝑥 + 1 𝑥 = −1 , then compute:𝑥5 + 1 𝑥5 + 4𝑥3 + 4 𝑥3

-3

Question 68

Arithmetic

If 20% of P = 15% of Q = 12% of R, find P : Q : R.

3 : 4 : 5

5 : 4 : 3

15 : 20 : 12

4 : 5 : 6

Question 69

Arithmetic

A right-angled triangle has legs of 9 cm and 12 cm. A second right -angled triangle is similar to the first, and its hypotenuse is 45 cm. What is the area of the second triangle?

216 cm²

324 cm²

405 cm²

486 cm²

Question 70

Arithmetic

Which of the following is correct? √10 + √3 > √8 + √5√10 + √3 < √8 + √5√10 + √3 = √8 + √5

iii

None of the above

Question 71

Arithmetic

A solid sphere is placed inside a cube such that it touches all six faces. What percentage of the cube's volume is occupied by the sphere?

47.64%

42.54%

55.45%

52.36%

Question 72

Arithmetic

A rectangle is a quadrilateral in which:

All four interior angles are 90° and opposite sides are equal.

Diagonals intersect at 90° and bisect angles.

Only one pair of opposite sides is parallel.

All four sides are equal in length.

Question 73

Arithmetic

A sector of a circle has a central angle of 60° and a radius of 12 cm. Another sector of the same circle has a central angle of 𝜋/2 radians. What is the ratio of the area of the first sector to the area of the second sector?

1:2

2:3

3:4

4:5

Question 74

Arithmetic

A hemisphere of radius 6 cm is carved from a sphere. What is the volume of the hemisphere?

72𝜋 cm³

144𝜋 cm³

216𝜋 cm³

288𝜋 cm³

Question 75

Arithmetic

The length of each of two tangents drawn from an external point to a circle is 15 cm. What is the distance from the external point to the center of the circle, if the radius is 8 cm?

12 cm

15 cm

17 cm

23 cm

Question 76

Comprehension

Choose the correct meaning of idiom: Hoist with one's own petard

To rise unexpectedly

To gain fame unfairly

To be ruined by one’s own device

To be praised excessively

Question 77

Comprehension

Select the correct spelling of a word meaning ‘a person who avoids work or effort’.

Sluggard

Sluggurd

Sluggared

Slugard

Question 78

Comprehension

Select the most appropriate antonym of the given word: Refulgent

Radiant

Gleaming

Dull

Shining

Question 79

Comprehension

Choose the correct semantic fit: The regulatory intervention was regarded as a ______ to escalating hostilities between the rival factions.

deterrent

detraction

detention

deviation

Question 80

Comprehension

Find the part of the sentence that contains an error: No sooner had the policy been announced (1)/ when the opposition not only criticized it (2)/ but also (3)/ demanded its immediate withdrawal. (4)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Question 81

Comprehension

Convert the sentence provided below from its passive voice structure to an active voice structure: The amendments are believed to have been approved by the regulatory authority last quarter .

The regulatory authority approved the amendments last quarter .

The amendments were approved last quarter .

The regulatory authority is believed to have approved the amendments last quarter .

The regulatory authority has approved the amendments last quarter .

Question 82

Comprehension

What central idea does the passage emphasize about authority and legitimacy? Read the following passage and answer the questions based on the passage: The relationship between authority and legitimacy is neither automatic nor absolute. Though frequently treated as interchangeable in political discourse, they operate within distinct philosophical frameworks. Authority refers to the recognized right to exe rcise power, often codified through constitutional or institutional mechanisms, whereas legitimacy is rooted in public consent and ethical justification. The tension between authority and legitimacy constitutes a persistent concern in political theory and civic governance. Institutions derive authority from legal mandates, electoral processes, or historical precedent, thereby ensuring procedural continuity and administrative order . However, legitimacy is contingent upon societal trust and normative approval, which may fluctuate over time. Regimes that maintain authority without sustaining legitimacy often encounter dissent, civil unrest, or moral criticism. Historical examples include governments that enacted discriminatory policies under lawful authority ye t faced widespread resistance for violating ethical norms. Conversely, reform movements —though initially lacking formal authority—may acquire legitimacy through collective endorsement and moral persuasion. This distinction reveals that authority does not i nvariably command legitimacy, and legitimacy can at times challenge established authority. Nevertheless, conflating the two concepts can undermine democratic balance. In pluralistic societies, diverse constituencies interpret legitimacy through varying cul tural, ideological, and historical lenses. If authority were to enforce a singular conception of legitimacy, it might suppress dissent and erode institutional neutrality. Contemporary debates surrounding surveillance, digital governance, and environmental regulation further illuminate this dynamic. Legal authorization may permit certain actions, yet public legitimacy may question their ethical ramifications. Therefore, a resilient political system must harmonize institutional authority with evolving standar ds of legitimacy, while citizens remain vigilant participants in shaping both.

Authority always guarantees legitimacy

They are distinct and not always aligned

Legitimacy is legally enforced

Authority replaces ethical standards

Question 83

Comprehension

Why does the author refer to reform movements lacking formal authority? Read the following passage and answer the questions based on the passage: The relationship between authority and legitimacy is neither automatic nor absolute. Though frequently treated as interchangeable in political discourse, they operate within distinct philosophical frameworks. Authority refers to the recognized right to exe rcise power, often codified through constitutional or institutional mechanisms, whereas legitimacy is rooted in public consent and ethical justification. The tension between authority and legitimacy constitutes a persistent concern in political theory and civic governance. Institutions derive authority from legal mandates, electoral processes, or historical precedent, thereby ensuring procedural continuity and administrative order . However, legitimacy is contingent upon societal trust and normative approval, which may fluctuate over time. Regimes that maintain authority without sustaining legitimacy often encounter dissent, civil unrest, or moral criticism. Historical examples include governments that enacted discriminatory policies under lawful authority ye t faced widespread resistance for violating ethical norms. Conversely, reform movements —though initially lacking formal authority—may acquire legitimacy through collective endorsement and moral persuasion. This distinction reveals that authority does not i nvariably command legitimacy, and legitimacy can at times challenge established authority. Nevertheless, conflating the two concepts can undermine democratic balance. In pluralistic societies, diverse constituencies interpret legitimacy through varying cul tural, ideological, and historical lenses. If authority were to enforce a singular conception of legitimacy, it might suppress dissent and erode institutional neutrality. Contemporary debates surrounding surveillance, digital governance, and environmental regulation further illuminate this dynamic. Legal authorization may permit certain actions, yet public legitimacy may question their ethical ramifications. Therefore, a resilient political system must harmonize institutional authority with evolving standar ds of legitimacy, while citizens remain vigilant participants in shaping both.

To criticize constitutional systems

To illustrate authority’s permanence

To demonstrate legitimacy emerging without official power

To argue against democratic governance

Question 84

Comprehension

What risk does the passage associate with conflating authority and legitimacy? Read the following passage and answer the questions based on the passage: The relationship between authority and legitimacy is neither automatic nor absolute. Though frequently treated as interchangeable in political discourse, they operate within distinct philosophical frameworks. Authority refers to the recognized right to exe rcise power, often codified through constitutional or institutional mechanisms, whereas legitimacy is rooted in public consent and ethical justification. The tension between authority and legitimacy constitutes a persistent concern in political theory and civic governance. Institutions derive authority from legal mandates, electoral processes, or historical precedent, thereby ensuring procedural continuity and administrative order . However, legitimacy is contingent upon societal trust and normative approval, which may fluctuate over time. Regimes that maintain authority without sustaining legitimacy often encounter dissent, civil unrest, or moral criticism. Historical examples include governments that enacted discriminatory policies under lawful authority ye t faced widespread resistance for violating ethical norms. Conversely, reform movements —though initially lacking formal authority—may acquire legitimacy through collective endorsement and moral persuasion. This distinction reveals that authority does not i nvariably command legitimacy, and legitimacy can at times challenge established authority. Nevertheless, conflating the two concepts can undermine democratic balance. In pluralistic societies, diverse constituencies interpret legitimacy through varying cul tural, ideological, and historical lenses. If authority were to enforce a singular conception of legitimacy, it might suppress dissent and erode institutional neutrality. Contemporary debates surrounding surveillance, digital governance, and environmental regulation further illuminate this dynamic. Legal authorization may permit certain actions, yet public legitimacy may question their ethical ramifications. Therefore, a resilient political system must harmonize institutional authority with evolving standar ds of legitimacy, while citizens remain vigilant participants in shaping both.

Institutional growth

Administrative efficiency

Suppression of dissent

Economic stagnation

Question 85

Comprehension

What contemporary issue does the passage cite to highlight the authority–legitimacy tension? Read the following passage and answer the questions based on the passage: The relationship between authority and legitimacy is neither automatic nor absolute. Though frequently treated as interchangeable in political discourse, they operate within distinct philosophical frameworks. Authority refers to the recognized right to exe rcise power, often codified through constitutional or institutional mechanisms, whereas legitimacy is rooted in public consent and ethical justification. The tension between authority and legitimacy constitutes a persistent concern in political theory and civic governance. Institutions derive authority from legal mandates, electoral processes, or historical precedent, thereby ensuring procedural continuity and administrative order . However, legitimacy is contingent upon societal trust and normative approval, which may fluctuate over time. Regimes that maintain authority without sustaining legitimacy often encounter dissent, civil unrest, or moral criticism. Historical examples include governments that enacted discriminatory policies under lawful authority ye t faced widespread resistance for violating ethical norms. Conversely, reform movements —though initially lacking formal authority—may acquire legitimacy through collective endorsement and moral persuasion. This distinction reveals that authority does not i nvariably command legitimacy, and legitimacy can at times challenge established authority. Nevertheless, conflating the two concepts can undermine democratic balance. In pluralistic societies, diverse constituencies interpret legitimacy through varying cul tural, ideological, and historical lenses. If authority were to enforce a singular conception of legitimacy, it might suppress dissent and erode institutional neutrality. Contemporary debates surrounding surveillance, digital governance, and environmental regulation further illuminate this dynamic. Legal authorization may permit certain actions, yet public legitimacy may question their ethical ramifications. Therefore, a resilient political system must harmonize institutional authority with evolving standar ds of legitimacy, while citizens remain vigilant participants in shaping both.

Agricultural reforms

Electoral funding

Digital governance and surveillance

Maritime trade policies

Question 86

Comprehension

. What is the author’s ultimate recommendation? Read the following passage and answer the questions based on the passage: The relationship between authority and legitimacy is neither automatic nor absolute. Though frequently treated as interchangeable in political discourse, they operate within distinct philosophical frameworks. Authority refers to the recognized right to exe rcise power, often codified through constitutional or institutional mechanisms, whereas legitimacy is rooted in public consent and ethical justification. The tension between authority and legitimacy constitutes a persistent concern in political theory and civic governance. Institutions derive authority from legal mandates, electoral processes, or historical precedent, thereby ensuring procedural continuity and administrative order . However, legitimacy is contingent upon societal trust and normative approval, which may fluctuate over time. Regimes that maintain authority without sustaining legitimacy often encounter dissent, civil unrest, or moral criticism. Historical examples include governments that enacted discriminatory policies under lawful authority ye t faced widespread resistance for violating ethical norms. Conversely, reform movements —though initially lacking formal authority—may acquire legitimacy through collective endorsement and moral persuasion. This distinction reveals that authority does not i nvariably command legitimacy, and legitimacy can at times challenge established authority. Nevertheless, conflating the two concepts can undermine democratic balance. In pluralistic societies, diverse constituencies interpret legitimacy through varying cultural, ideological, and historical lenses. If authority were to enforce a singular conception of legitimacy, it might suppress dissent and erode institutional neutrality. Contemporary debates surrounding surveillance, digital governance, and environmental regulation further illuminate this dynamic. Legal authorization may permit certain actions, yet public legitimacy may question their ethical ramifications. Therefore, a resilient political system must harmonize institutional authority with evolving standards of legitimacy, while citizens remain vigilant participants in shaping both.

Authority should override legitimacy

Legitimacy must reject authority

Authority and legitimacy must be harmonized

Citizens should disengage from governance

Question 87

Comprehension

Rearrange the following sentences to form a coherent paragraph: 1. This mechanism, integral to ecological balance, ensures nutrient recycling within ecosystems. 2. Decomposers break down organic matter into simpler substances. 3. These substances enrich the soil, promoting plant growth. 4. Over time, accumulated biomass undergoes gradual decomposition.

4, 2, 3, 1

2, 3, 4, 1

1, 4, 2, 3

3, 2, 4, 1

Question 88

Comprehension

Choose the correct one -word substitute for: ‘A system of governance in which rulers exploit public wealth for personal gain’.

Plutocracy

Autocracy

Kleptocracy

Bureaucracy

Question 89

Comprehension

A sentence is provided in direct speech. From the four given options, choose the one that most accurately conveys the sentence in its corresponding indirect speech. She said, "Where have you kept the confidential files?"

She asked where I had kept the confidential files.

She asked where had I kept the confidential files.

She said where I have kept the confidential files.

She questioned where did I keep the confidential files.

Question 90

Comprehension

Rearrange the following sentences in correct order to make a logical passage. 1. This necessitates strategic planning and institutional coherence. 2. Policy reform frequently encounters bureaucratic inertia. 3. Transparent dialogue can mitigate resistance and foster cooperation. 4. Nevertheless, reform remains essential for systemic advancement.

2-4-1-3

4-2-1-3

3-1-2-4

1-3-2-4

Question 91

Comprehension

Change the following from active to passive: The committee might have revised the regulatory framework during the session.

The regulatory framework might revise by the committee during the session.

The regulatory framework might be revised by the committee during the session.

The regulatory framework might have been revised by the committee during the session.

The regulatory framework has been revised by the committee during the session.

Question 92

Comprehension

A sentence is provided in indirect speech. From the four given options, choose the one that most accurately conveys the sentence in its corresponding direct speech. The consultant remarked that had the audit been conducted earlier, the discrepancies would have been detected.

"If the audit was conducted earlier, the discrepancies would have been detected," said the consultant.

"If only the audit had been conducted earlier, the discrepancies were detected," he said.

"Had the audit been conducted earlier, the discrepancies would have been detected," said the consultant.

"Had we conduct the audit earlier, the discrepancies would be detected," said the consultant.

Question 93

Comprehension

Choose the correct one-word substitution for: ‘A person who pretends to be someone else in order to deceive others’.

Mimic

Actor

Impostor

Spectator

Question 94

Comprehension

A sentence is provided in direct speech. From the four given options, choose the one that most accurately conveys the sentence in its corresponding indirect speech. He said, "Water boils at one hundred degrees Celsius."

He said that water boiled at one hundred degrees Celsius.

He said that water boils at one hundred degrees Celsius.

He said that water had boiled at one hundred degrees Celsius.

He said that water has boiled at one hundred degrees Celsius.

Question 95

Comprehension

Choose the most suitable option to replace the highlighted part of the sentence: The committee has been reviewing the draft policy since four days.

from four days

by four days

for four days

since four day

Question 96

Comprehension

Which of these is the correct spelling of a theory centered on utility and consequences?

Utilitarianism

Utiliterianism

Utilitarionism

Utillitarianism

Question 97

Comprehension

Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word: FELICITOUS

Inappropriate

Awkward

Incongruous

Suitable

Question 98

Comprehension

Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word: DILATORY

Sluggish

Immediate

Active

Resolute

Question 99

Comprehension

Find the part of the sentence that contains an error: She delivered (1)/ a comprehensive overview of the proposal (2)/ but failed to substantiate her claims (3)/ with sufficient evidences. (4)/

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Question 100

Comprehension

Select the sentence containing the homonym of the highlighted word: The basilica dominates the skyline with its ornate domes.

The historian studied the architecture of the ancient basilica.

Tourists gathered inside the grand basilica at sunset.

The chef garnished the dish with freshly chopped basilica leaves.

The choir performed hymns within the basilica hall.